{"id":66,"date":"2020-10-05T16:09:28","date_gmt":"2020-10-05T16:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?page_id=66"},"modified":"2025-06-08T17:47:32","modified_gmt":"2025-06-08T17:47:32","slug":"home","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/","title":{"rendered":"Home"},"content":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":2877,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"_FSMCFIC_featured_image_caption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_nocaption":"","_FSMCFIC_featured_image_hide":"","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-66","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":{"catchphrase":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-502 size-full aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/bridge.svg\" alt=\"\" width=\"124\" height=\"25\" \/><\/p>\n<h1 style=\"text-align: center;\">Lawyers specialised<br \/>\nin cross-border operations<\/h1>\n","latest_news":[{"item":{"ID":4165,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2025-05-31 13:11:14","post_date_gmt":"2025-05-31 13:11:14","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>GL EVENTS (FR0000066672, GLO), the integrated events group, announces the acquisition of a 69% stake in East West Small Animals Clinical Veterinary Surgeons Conference (WESAVC).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>GL events has acquired a 69% stake in the East West Small Animals Clinical Veterinary Surgeons Conference (WESAVC), the organiser of China's leading exhibition of veterinary equipment for companion animals. The founders retain a 31% stake in the company.&nbsp; The company organizes a major event for the pet veterinary industry in Xiamen, covering equipment, developments in veterinary industry technologies, and conferences on specialized topics. Each year, this event attracts more than 1,000 exhibitors over an area of more than 50,000 sqm. WESAVC employs approximately forty people and generates sales of around \u20ac6m, with an operating margin of nearly 30%. The company will be consolidated in May 2025.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This acquisition will contribute to GL events\u2019 strategy for developing the fast-growing animal health sector which offers significant growth potential in China and internationally. It will also boost the Group's technological synergies and resources in the healthcare sector while reinforcing the ability of its subsidiary GL events Live Shenzhen (ZZX) to deliver its services.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Jean-Philippe Engel, partner at the Shanghai office, led the Leaf Transaction Team with support from associate Lin Mengqi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>About GL events<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As an integrated Group operating in all event professions,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.gl-events.com\/acquisition-in-china-of-ciec-union\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">GL events<\/a>&nbsp;works in three major segments: event organization, event venue management and services for fairs, and events. GL events assists companies, institutions, and event organizers at every stage of the process from the definition of their event strategies to final implementation in the field.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>About Leaf<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf is a corporate law firm specialized in operations in China. Its team composed of Chinese and international corporate lawyers advises mid-cap enterprises and international corporations for their M&amp;A operations in China, their joint-ventures with public and private Chinese players, to expand distribution networks across Asia or to structure investment in Asia-based start-ups. Leaf has offices in France and China.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For further information:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Jean-Philippe Engel: <a href=\"mailto:jp.engel@leaf-legal.com\">jp.engel@leaf-legal.com<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Bruno Grangier: <a href=\"mailto:b.grangier@leaf-legal.com\">b.grangier@leaf-legal.com<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\">www.leaf-legal.com<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"M&amp;A in China: Leaf has assisted GL events to acquire a Chinese pet veterinary industry exhibition","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"ma-in-china-leaf-has-assisted-gl-events-to-acquire-a-chinese-pet-veterinary-industry-exhibition","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2026-01-30 12:34:46","post_modified_gmt":"2026-01-30 12:34:46","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=4165","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"item":{"ID":4140,"post_author":"5","post_date":"2025-06-04 21:25:29","post_date_gmt":"2025-06-04 21:25:29","post_content":"<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On April 27, 2025, China took another major step in its ecological transition. The Standing Committee of the National People\u2019s Congress presented a first draft of an ambitious Environmental and Ecology Code, which is now open for public consultation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Circular economy, waste traceability, extended producer responsibility, mandatory ESG clauses, civil, administrative, and criminal sanctions - everything is included.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Code, expected to come into force in 2026, pending final approval, aims to unify all of China\u2019s environmental legislation into a single, structured legal framework.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Environmental protection obligations in China are not new. Companies already face extensive regulations, which in past years led to an industrial upgrade and even the shutdown of some operations to clean up major urban areas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This article breaks down the main impacts of the Code for companies operating in China or sourcing from Chinese supply chains.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>A 1,188-Article Code with National  - and beyond - Reach<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The draft is not just a simplification of the legal framework: it imposes a strict regime on all companies active in the Chinese market, including those operating through subcontractors (OEM \/ ODM) or local service providers. There are no exemptions based on company size or sector, reflecting a clear intent: to hold all economic actors, domestic and foreign, accountable.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Prevention, Traceability, Responsibility<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The new obligations focus on three major areas:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Emission reduction and clean production<\/strong>: Companies will be required to cut pollutant emissions across their entire value chain and implement rigorous monitoring of consumption and waste.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Circular economy<\/strong>: The text promotes reduced use of virgin raw materials, the integration of eco-design, and sets strict collection and recycling obligations for key sectors such as electronics, automotive, and construction.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><strong>Extended producer responsibility (EPR)<\/strong>: Producers will be legally required to ensure or fund the end-of-life management of products sold in China, even when handled by third parties.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Sanctions Matching the Ambition<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Code introduces strong deterrents: fines of up to 5 times the damages caused and up to 30% of the cost of damage caused to water or marine ecosystems, daily penalties, and criminal liability for executives - including prison sentences. The Public Prosecutor\u2019s Office will also be able to initiate legal actions in the absence of local authority enforcement. These are tools already present in existing laws but now reinforced.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>A Tangible Impact for Foreign and Chinese Companies<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sustainability becomes a market access criterion, a contractual requirement, and a competitiveness factor. This draft law necessitates a rethinking of contract practices, especially with suppliers and subcontractors. Environmental compliance clauses, pre-contract audits, and traceability mechanisms must be integrated into business relationships. Management and relevant staff must also be sensitized to these new realities.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Get Ready Now<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Starting in the second half of 2025, it will be essential to:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Conduct awareness-raising initiatives,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Identify high-risk suppliers,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Review commercial contracts,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Audit environmental service providers,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Align ESG practices with the upcoming Chinese framework.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Our Support<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Our firm is already assisting French and international stakeholders as follows:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Integrate the future Code\u2019s requirements into their ESG policies,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Draft contract clauses compliant with Chinese law,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Develop risk maps and targeted due diligence,<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Train legal, procurement, and CSR teams on the new obligations.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>For more information, contact Marion Tuduri (m.tuduri@leaf-legal.com), the author, or Bruno Grangier (b.grangier@leaf-legal.com).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>This publication is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. It is based on the draft Code published in April 2025.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Draft Environmental Code in China: What Legal Teams Need to Prepare For","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"draft-environmental-code-in-china-what-legal-teams-need-to-prepare-for","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-11-23 16:30:14","post_modified_gmt":"2025-11-23 16:30:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=4140","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}},{"item":{"ID":4120,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2025-03-06 13:14:39","post_date_gmt":"2025-03-06 13:14:39","post_content":"<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf served as the sole legal advisor to the shareholders of TekID Limited, a leading digital risk and security advisory firm specializing in cybersecurity. Founded in 2017 by Maxime Oliva and Alain Foulon, TekID has distinguished itself through innovative approaches in regulatory, security, and operational advisory services for clients ranging from startups to multinational corporations.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf\u2019s role encompassed comprehensive deal structuring, detailed legal due diligence, and the negotiation and drafting of critical contractual documentation until closing. The process was led by Jean-Philippe Engel, Managing Partner of the Shanghai office, with support from Associate Lin Mengqi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This transaction positions TekID Limited to rapidly expand its global footprint and further enhance its cybersecurity offerings. The acquirer - a globally recognized consulting and technology firm recognized for its digital transformation expertise - will enable TekID to better address evolving digital security challenges on a worldwide scale.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201cThe acquisition of TekID confirms that China remains an attractive market with promising targets for strategic foreign investors, who are looking for leading players in this evolving and complex landscape\u201d said Jean-Philippe Engel.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About Leaf<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf is a multi-awarded corporate law firm specialized in operations in Asia.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf is advising international corporations and mid-cap enterprises to safely complete their cross-border operations and their joint-ventures with state-owned and private partners. We also assist our clients in their strategic operations across Asia or to structure investments in Asian-based start-ups.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The team is composed of international corporate lawyers based in China and in France.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>For further information:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Jean-Philippe Engel: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/partner\/jean-philippe-engel\/\">jp.engel@leaf-legal.com<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Website: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\">www.leaf-legal.com<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Leaf Assists TekID Limited in Strategic Sale to a Global Consulting &amp; Technology Firm to Boost Cybersecurity Capabilities","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"leaf-assists-tekid-limited-in-strategic-sale-to-a-global-consulting-technology-firm-to-boost-cybersecurity-capabilities","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2025-03-06 13:59:14","post_modified_gmt":"2025-03-06 13:59:14","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=4120","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}}],"who_we_are":{"title":"Who we are.","picture":2488,"content":"<p>Leaf provides legal and strategic support to business leaders in every step of their commercial operations and their cross-border transactions between Europe and Asia.<\/p>\n<p>Leaf is a cross-cultural team of corporate lawyers.<\/p>\n<p>Our team includes talents with different backgrounds, going from legal to finance, and from negotiation to technology.<\/p>\n","link":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/about-leaf\/"},"what_we_do":{"title":"Expertises.","expertises":[{"title":"Mergers & Acquisitions transactions","description":"","link":{"title":"Deal-making","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-\/expertise-china-merge-acquisition-transactions","target":""}},{"title":"Joint-Ventures and Strategic Alliances","description":"","link":{"title":"Create long-term relationships","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-joint-venture\/","target":""}},{"title":"Intellectual Property Rights","description":"","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/intellectual-property-rights\/","target":""}},{"title":"Commercial Law and Distribution","description":"","link":{"title":"Manage your intellectual property rights","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-commercial-law\/","target":""}},{"title":"Corporate Law","description":"","link":{"title":"Establishing and restructuring entites","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-corporate-law\/","target":""}},{"title":"Private Equity and financing","description":"","link":{"title":"Start up, scale up","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-fund-raising\/","target":""}},{"title":"Employment Law","description":"","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-employment-law\/","target":"_blank"}},{"title":"Compliance","description":"","link":{"title":"Detect, Prevent, React","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-compliance\/","target":""}},{"title":"Corporate Finance","description":"","link":{"title":"Corporate Finance","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/expertise-corporate-finance\/","target":""}}]},"page_title":"","what_we_say":{"title":"Insights.","link":{"title":"See more publications","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/insights\/","target":""},"posts":[{"ID":1107,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2019-07-25 10:03:43","post_date_gmt":"2019-07-25 10:03:43","post_content":"<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>A long-awaited technical granularity for network operators.<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>PRC regulators display a recurring habit in their legal creative process: Pointing a direction first, defining technical measures later. The same habit is again observed with the evolving regulatory framework on cybersecurity. Regarding cross-border data transfer, the regulator has published by decreasing level of authoritativeness:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>The Cyber Security Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China&nbsp;(\u201cCyber Security Law\u201d, \u201cCSL\u201d), effective on 1 June 2017;<\/li><li>The Measures on Security Assessments for the Export of Personal Information and Important Data&nbsp;(draft for comments)&nbsp;(the \u201cMeasures\u201d), released on 11 April 2017;<\/li><li>Information Security Technology \u2013 Guidelines for Data Cross-Border Transfer Security Assessments the \u201cGuidelines\u201d), released on 27 May 2017.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This trend continues with the Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) releasing on 13 June 2019 the Measures on Security Assessment of the Cross-border Transfer of Personal Information (draft for comments) (the \u201cNew Measures\u201d).<br>The New Measures offer an increased level of granularity regarding personal information security assessment prior any cross-border data transfer, namely regarding cross-border data transfer activities reporting, contractual requirements between network operator and recipients, and security risks and measures reporting.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The New Measures specify the required supportive documentation, including:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>A declaration form,<\/li><li>He contract between the network operator and the recipient,<\/li><li>A report including the security risks and security measures of the cross-border transfer of personal information.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The New Measures indicate that the transfer records shall include:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>The date and time of the cross-border transfer of personal information;<\/li><li>The identity of the recipient, including but not limited to the name, address, and contact information of the recipient;<\/li><li>The type, volume and level of sensitivity of the personal information transferred abroad.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>The New Measures state network operator to report their data transfer activities to the relevant local and national authorities every year before 31 December 2019.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The New Measures specify the content of contractual documentation between the network operator and the personal information recipient to include the following key provisions:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>The purpose, types and retention period of the cross-border transfer of personal information,<\/li><li>That the personal information subject is the beneficiary of the contractual terms that involve the rights and interests of the personal information subject;<\/li><li>When the legal rights and interests of the personal information subject are abused, the personal information subject may claim compensation from either the network operator or recipient separately, or from both parties jointly. The personal information subject may seek such compensation on its own behalf or through a designated agent. The network operator or recipient shall compensate the personal information subject unless it is proved that they are not liable;<\/li><li>If it is difficult to perform the contract due to changes in the legal environment of the recipient\u2019s country, the contract shall be terminated, or the security assessment shall be conducted again;<\/li><li>The termination of the contract cannot exempt the network operator and the recipient from the responsibilities and obligations stipulated in the relevant terms concerning the legal rights and interests of the personal information subject in the contract, unless the recipient has destroyed or anonymized the personal information received;<\/li><li>Other aspects as agreed by both parties.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>Furthermore, on contractual requirements, the New Measures state that the contract between the network operator and the personal information recipient shall specify that:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3>The network operator shall assume the following responsibilities and obligations:<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Inform the personal information subject of the basic information of the network operator and the receiver, as well as the purpose, type and retention period of the cross-border transfer of personal information by means of e-mail, instant messaging, letters, faxes, etc.;<\/li><li>Provide a copy of this contract at the request of personal information subject;<\/li><li>Convey any claims of the personal information subject to the recipient upon request, including claims to the recipient; If the personal information subject cannot obtain compensation from the recipient, the network operator shall pay the compensation;<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3>The recipient shall assume the following responsibilities and obligations:<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Provide access to the personal information for the personal information subject. When the personal information subject requests to correct or delete its personal information, the recipient shall respond, correct or delete their personal information within a reasonable time and at reasonable cost.<\/li><li>Use personal information in accordance with the contractual purpose, and the retention of personal information shall not exceed the retention period provided in the contract.<\/li><li>Confirm that signing the contract and performing the contract obligations will not be in violation of the legal requirements of the recipient\u2019s country.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":2025,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/policy-security-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"police on watch\" class=\"wp-image-2025\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The contract between network operator and recipient shall also define conditions for personal information transfer to a third party, such as:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>The network operator has notified the personal information subject of the purpose of transmitting the personal information to the third party, the identity and nationality of the third party, as well as the type of personal information transmitted and the retention period of the third party through e-mail, instant messaging, letter, fax, etc.;<\/li><li>The recipient is required, upon the request of the personal information subject, to stop the transmission and require the third party to destroy the received personal information;<\/li><li>The consent of personal information subject has been obtained where sensitive personal information is involved;<\/li><li>The network operator agrees to assume the liability for compensation to be paid to the personal information subject where the transmission of personal information to a third party causes abuse to the legal rights and interests of the personal information subject.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>Finally, the network operator shall include security risks and measures to its data transfer activities reporting, such as:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>The background, scale, business, financial details, reputation, and network security capabilities of network operator and recipient;<\/li><li>The plan for the cross-border transfer of personal information, including the duration, the volume of personal information subjects involved, the scale of the cross-border transfer of personal information, and whether the personal information will be transmitted to a third party after the cross-border transfer.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Regulations published as drafts for comments being usually close to their effective version, it is safe for PRC entities transferring data abroad to start assessing their current process, analyze their compliance gap and draft a corrective plan.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The TL Group is a team providing tech and legal services. <\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The alliance between Leaf, a law firm, and TekID, a Data intelligence firm, is providing a comprehensive cyber security and data management\u00a0offering which will help you enhance your security with a holistic approach. This team of cyber \/\u00a0data experts and lawyers can offer services to companies and managers such as\u00a0compliance audits and programs in cybersecurity, structuring deals involving data assets, understanding and managing the life cycle of data and the associated risks, forensic investigations, among others.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Measures on Security Assessment of the Cross-border Transfer of Personal Information","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"measures-on-security-assessment-of-the-cross-border-transfer-of-personal-information","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2021-02-04 08:46:16","post_modified_gmt":"2021-02-04 08:46:16","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=1107","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":387,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2020-11-01 21:43:36","post_date_gmt":"2020-11-01 21:43:36","post_content":"<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>Establishment of both Hainan FTP and Lingang Special Area<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It are important strategic deployments for China\u2019s further opening-up made by the Central Committee, which has brought and will continue to bring investing opportunities along with special preferential treatments for foreign investors for their business establishment and expansion. Important differences remain in main developing strategy, key industries and supporting policies in Lingang Special Area and Hainan FTP.<br><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>Lingang or Hainan, which one is best for you? <\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf has been paying close attention to the development of Lingang Special Area and Hainan FTP. We work closely with the Administrative Committee of Lingang Special Area in order to offer in-depth insight in relevant professional fields. Based on discussions with our contacts in these 2 areas, we have summarized all differences. Leaf has been paying close attention to the development of Lingang Special Area and Hainan FTP.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>The main key differences between Hainan FTP and Lingang Special Area: <\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3>1\/ Strategic target and development goals: <\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":392,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Slide1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-392\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3>2\/ Geographical area, key industries, tax preferential polices and custom policies:<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":393,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Slide2-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-393\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":394,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Slide3-1-e1603923689267-1024x361.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-394\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>3\/ Policies on cross-border capital flows, investment &amp; financing and other corporate advantages:<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":395,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-full\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/10\/Slide4-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-395\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Both Hainan FTP and Lingang New Area are offering opportunities across multiple industries and the services sector \u2013 high-tech, financial, construction, logistics, etc., which are great incentives for foreign enterprises to consider setting up potential projects. <\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Lingang is offering investors with a set of financing preferential policies\/exceptions with numerous technical supports in one of the biggest industrial area. <\/li><li>Hainan FTP, as China\u2019s largest and only free trade port, has provided innovative favorable policies with regard to taxes, with the biggest feature as \"zero tariff\".<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Leaf team has assisted numerous foreign business leaders to define their business plan and strategic positioning, including the corporate structure, financial model, capital capacity and financing needs and any practical difficulties of setting up you may foresee. Then our team of Chinese and foreign lawyers is negotiating the best conditions with the development zones in China, including land-use right, access to facilities, tax incentives and other preferential policies that may be obtained from local authorities.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator {\"className\":\"is-style-wide\"} -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"style\":{\"typography\":{\"fontSize\":14}}} -->\n<p style=\"font-size:14px\">[1] \u201cFirst-line\u201d: is established between Hainan FTP and other countries (regions) outside China's borders. Except for prohibited and restricted imports and exports, goods and articles can be freely imported and exported; \"Second line\" is a new management model established between the Hainan FTP and Mainland China. Goods entering the Mainland China from the FTP are subject to customs duties and import-related taxes in principle. Those who meet the conditions can enjoy import tax exemption preferential policies.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"Investing in China: Lingang or Hainan?","post_excerpt":"In 2018, the Communist Party of China Central Committee announced the settlement of China\u2019s first free trade port in Hainan (\u201cHainan FTP\u201d), instead of Shanghai. In 2019, Lingang New Area of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone (\u201cLingang Special Area\u201d) was approved by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"investing-in-china-lingang-or-hainan","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-19 07:59:51","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-19 07:59:51","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=387","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":1793,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2021-01-29 15:33:36","post_date_gmt":"2021-01-29 15:33:36","post_content":"<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>A strengthened regulations<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The increasing number of regulations in China over the recent years and the trend to hold individuals personally liable caused additional pressure over executives doing business with and in China. Here is an overview of the dos and don'ts in 2020. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>China switching to a technology driven economy.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>With China switching to a technology driven economy boosted by internal demand, Chinese laws are updated to reflect the greater complexity of its economy. A structural change of approach towards liability issues over the last few years that emphasizes greater personal accountability of executives has been met by skepticism by foreign players doing business in China. But the political will to put an end to the \u201canything goes\u201d culture that prevailed doing business in China has led many foreign and domestic players at risk in their daily operations. It seemed to our team extremely valuable to reassess the regulatory framework for liability of executives in China, determining who may be liable, to what extent these liabilities may be incurred, and above all, how to mitigate such potential liabilities.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>1. Regulatory trends in the PRC: additional areas have been regulated, involving more pressure on the executives through their personal liability<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Civil liabilities arising out of operational activities shall be generally assumed by the company. In the past years, the Chinese authorities have however strengthened regulations and put more pressure on the person in charge, including legal representative and actual decision makers to enforce efficiently regulations. Personal liability can be imposed on those who serve corporate roles in the company if such company commits serious wrongdoings or its illegal activities. In coping with new challenges arising with the rapid growth of China\u2019s economy and development of technologies, the Chinese government has been active in updating laws and regulations of various aspects. Cybersecurity, food safety, environmental protection, e-commerce market and foreign investment are also areas highly regulated in the recent years and which have created new sources of personal liability for the executives. The adoption of the Environmental Protection Law (2018) and related implementing regulations is one example: companies can be more self-regulated and are not required to apply before qualified institutions. However, post-event supervision, such as onsite inspections, are imposed by local authorities which enjoy the discretion to decide the penalties to be given. As an example, we have assisted industrial companies with executives detained for alleged pollution or illegal deforestation operations. Food safety and enforcement of custom rules have generated numerous examples of Chinese and foreign executives arrested and sentenced to prison for period exceeding 10 years and the destruction of companies, even in cases where no victims suffered from the alleged illegal operations. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>\"A company shall assume civil liability for the business activities of its legal representatives and other employees\".<\/p><cite>According to the PRC General Principles of Civil Law<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Cybersecurity Law of the People\u2019s Republic of China (2017) and related regulations created a special cybersecurity obligation on operator of a critical information infrastructure, who shall set up a security management body and designate a person in charge of safety in the company. Security backgrounds check shall be conducted on the person in charge and other key security management personnel. Numerous criminal liabilities have put in place to strongly enforce this new body of laws. Similar arrangements are mentioned in the newly revised Environmental Protection Law (2018) and Work Place Safety Law (2018) that relevant intra-corporate bodies shall be set up or the person in charge be designated with corresponding powers and responsibilities in the company. More recently, the social credit system or the COVID-19 crisis and related regulations to fight the virus outbreak have generated significant liabilities for managers, including criminal ones. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>The legal representative may personally be subject to fines, administrative sanctions or criminal sanctions.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In China, it shall now be clear that personal liability can be incurred to those who work in the company when it commits serious wrongdoings or illegal activities. In addition, personal liability is also stipulated in more sector-specific laws which expressly provide that liabilities, such as fines, administrative detention and criminal penalties, as the case may be, will be incurred to person in charge or responsible for relevant matters in the company.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>2. What are the liabilities?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Personal liabilities can be divided into civil, administrative and criminal liabilities, each of which carries out different legal consequences. Under the PRC Company Law, a director or member of \u201csenior management\u201d who fails to fulfil his\/her obligations as stipulated in the articles of association or under the laws, shall compensate the resulting damages caused to the company. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In terms of administrative liability, Article 49 of the General Principles of Civil Law expressively provides that when the company commits serious wrongdoings, the legal representative may personally be subject to fines, administrative sanctions or criminal sanctions. For example, the \u201cperson in charge\u201d may bear personal liability in the form of fines up to 100% of the previous year\u2019s income or be dismissed or removed from his\/her position for workplace accidents that occur under his\/her supervision. As for criminal liability, in the event that the company is sanctioned for a breach of the PRC Criminal Law, the \u201cperson in charge\u201d or \u201cperson directly responsible\u201d may also be subjected to criminal sentences, as the \u201cDouble-Penalty\u201d principle is applied to most of corporate crimes. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>In the event that a crime is committed by a company, both the person in charge or responsible (who could be the legal representative, manager or other personnel) and the company itself will be subject to penalties, while in other cases, only relevant person in charge or responsible will be subject to criminal penalty. Depending on the specific situation, the personnel in charge may be sentenced with detention, imprisonment or even the death penalty. In addition, social credit rating &nbsp;of the manager may be negatively impacted and may result in loss of certain right or access to bank loan. Even if no liabilities above are finally decided, enforcement measures are likely to be imposed on the persons involved in the investigation process, such as detentions, summons, restrictions from leaving China, restrictions on high consumption (e.g. buy flights or tickets for high speed train) or, restrictions to serve as legal representative or management positions, as the case may be.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"align\":\"wide\",\"id\":1703,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/join_us_thumbnail-1024x374.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1703\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>3. Who is liable?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Liabilities of the legal representative are set forth by multiple PRC laws and regulations. In some cases, such liability may be assimilated as a presumption of liability. For example, the General Principle of Civil Law expressly provides that when the company commits serious wrongdoings, the legal representative may personally be subject to penalties. The Company Law expressly provides that \"where any circumstance, in violation of the provisions of this Law, constitutes a crime, the criminal liability of the legal representative shall be investigated\". Such personal liability is mainly due to the fact that the legal representative is invested with the power of representation of the company towards third parties and allegedly acts on its behalf. Directors and board members may also be held liable. If a director is not the Chairman of the board, the Executive Director or CEO of the Company and he\/she is not recognized as the person in charge, his\/ her liability can be limited. In addition, the regulations target the person who is the actual decision maker or the person who could stop the wrongdoings. <\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>The \u201cperson in charge\u201d or \u201cperson directly responsible\u201d is referred to as the person who may bear potential liabilities in many sector-specific laws in China.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The \u201cperson in charge\u201d or \u201cperson directly responsible\u201d is referred to as the person who may bear potential liabilities in many sector-specific laws in China, including without limitation the PRC Criminal Law, Anti-trust law, food safety and Environmental Protection Law. The identity or function of the \u201cperson in charge\u201d or \u201cperson directly responsible\u201d is not clearly defined by the PRC laws. According to some regulations, the person in charge of an enterprise refers to the leading personnel who has decision-making power in the production and business operations and safety production of the company (the 2014 Provisions on the Administration of Work Safety). In practice, any personnel at any level may be recognized by the authorities as the person in charge of the regulated matters in the company as long as such person has the decision-making power influencing such regulated matter or as been empowered to address such regulated matter. The shareholder who does not directly control the operations of the company by serving any corporate positions may also be recognized as the person in charge if he or she retains an effective control over the company through contractual arrangements, such as an investment agreement. An interpretation jointly released by the Supreme People\u2019s Court and Supreme People\u2019s Procuratorate in 2015 explains that the \u201cperson in charge\u201d and \u201cperson directly responsible\" as provided in Article 135 of the PRC Criminal Law (i.e. the crime of serious labor safety accident) refers to persons in charge, managers, actual controllers, investors of the production and operation entities who are directly liable for non-compliance with requirements of safe production facilities or safe production conditions, and any other personnel who undertake management or maintenance duties for safe production facilities or conditions.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><br>As such, it is widely accepted that the \u201cperson in charge\u201d or \u201cperson directly responsible\u201d under the PRC laws may refer to the following persons:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>The legal representative;<\/li><li>Shareholders \/ investors \/ actual controller;<\/li><li>Chairman \/ Executive Director \/ General Manager; and<\/li><li>Other managers (financial manager, production manager, chief accountant, or persons directly in charge of a branch, a site or certain aspect of corporate matters).<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>4. How to mitigate risks?<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Companies shall take actions to assess their risks and define their strategy.<br>This involves many actions such as the review and update of the organization structure. Rethinking the organization chart and the chain of responsibilities is necessary to put in place healthy reporting. The protection of the holding level, the top management and the continuity of the business are at stake. For individuals, the protection shall imply to review their actual powers and responsibilities as defined the power of attorneys, board resolutions, internal documentation and employment contracts. Contingency plan shall also be reviewed to ensure continuity of operations in the event that local management is under investigation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Positively change things.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><br>Keeping written objection records during the decision-making process is a must when non-compliant behaviours are identified. In this respect, many executives shall reconsider the use of social networks such as WeChat in the work place and their participation to certain unformal digital groups without real control of the content, as such information may generate a contamination of their personal liability. Compliance policy shall be designed and implemented; culture of compliance shall be strongly promoted. More importantly, the unacceptable idea of \u201cin China, act like Chinese\u201d that we may sometimes still hear shall be more than ever rejected by managers respectful of their Chinese team, their company future and their integrity. Our team regularly assists companies and business leaders to assess their risks and design compliance policies and related trainings to positively change things.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"How to protect your business while avoiding to be personally at risk?","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"protect-your-business-and-avoiding-risk","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-19 07:59:32","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-19 07:59:32","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=1793","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":1192,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2020-01-02 10:55:34","post_date_gmt":"2020-01-02 10:55:34","post_content":"<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>Leaf has assisted GL events to purchase the control of Fashion Source exhibitions in southern China.&nbsp;<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The company operates an exhibition under the Fashion Source trademark devoted to the fashion sector (clothing, apparel fabrics and accessories) held twice a year in Shenzhen:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>A fall version, launched in 2001, which will bring together in November 2019 more than 1,000 exhibitors within gross space of more than of 100,000 sqm<\/li><li>A spring version, launched in 2018, whose second edition to be held in May will double in size (gross space of 30.000 sqm).<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Fashion Source\u2019s strong growth reflects the quality of its events as well as the professionalism and drive of its teams in promoting a destination that combines significant industrial capacity with the innovation and creativity of a very young metropolitan region.&nbsp; This acquisition will mark a new phase in GL events\u2019 development strategy in China, one month after acquiring a majority stake in CIEC Union, a Beijing-based exhibition specialist in the construction finishing work and decoration sectors with the assistance of Leaf M&amp;A team. According to GL events, this transaction will also bolster in China, which last year became the world\u2019s largest fashion market, a strategic position and proven expertise in the textile and fashion segment deployed through Premi\u00e8re Vision, a company jointly held by GL events and Association Premi\u00e8re Vision, a French textile industry trade association group. With its portfolio of exhibitions in this sector (Premi\u00e8re Vision Paris, Premi\u00e8re Vision New York, Premi\u00e8re Vision Istanbul, Denim Premi\u00e8re Vision, Blossom Premi\u00e8re Vision and Made in France Premi\u00e8re Vision), this company is the international leader for creative materials for fashion brands. Leaf has assisted GL events in their Chinese transactions in collaboration with the team of GL events for the legal due diligence, the structuring, the negotiations and the drafting of transaction documentation. Leaf has also liaise with the authorities to complete all the necessary administrative formalities and filings. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/jean-philippe-engel\/\">Jean-Philippe Engel<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/peggy-wu\/\">Peggy Wu<\/a>&nbsp;have led the Leaf Transaction Team with the support of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/bruno-grangier\/\">Bruno Grangier<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:spacer -->\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:spacer -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>About&nbsp;GL events<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>As an integrated Group operating in all event professions, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gl-events.com\/acquisition-in-china-of-ciec-union\" class=\"rank-math-link\">GL events<\/a> works in three major segments: event organization, event venue management and services for fairs, congresses and events. GL events assists companies, institutions, and event organizers at every stage of the process from the definition of their event strategies to final implementation in the field. Recently, GL Events has announced 2018 consolidated revenues topping \u20ac1bn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->","post_title":"GL events has acquired the control of a fashion exhibition in China with Leaf","post_excerpt":"","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"gl-events-has-acquired-the-control-of-a-fashion-exhibition-in-china-with-leaf","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-19 09:46:26","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-19 09:46:26","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=1192","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"},{"ID":1482,"post_author":"4","post_date":"2020-09-23 08:29:48","post_date_gmt":"2020-09-23 08:29:48","post_content":"<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>1. Mergers<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Mergers between FIEs<\/li><li>Mergers between FIEs and Domestic Enterprises<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>2. Acquisitions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Equity deal<\/li><li>Asset deal<\/li><li>Structuring the acquisition<\/li><li>Asset deal or equity deal?<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>3. Protection of the market<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Main principles<\/li><li>Monopolies or restrictive agreements<\/li><li>Merger control<\/li><li>Control of Dominant Position Abuse<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>4. Control of the National security<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"id\":3404,\"sizeSlug\":\"large\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/MA-in-China-cover-page-1024x989.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-3404\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph {\"align\":\"center\",\"textColor\":\"vivid-red\",\"fontSize\":\"normal\"} -->\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-normal-font-size\"><em>To know more, download our legal handbook related to foreign investment in China\u2026<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:buttons {\"contentJustification\":\"center\"} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center\"><!-- wp:button {\"backgroundColor\":\"vivid-red\",\"style\":{\"border\":{\"radius\":0}}} -->\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-red-background-color has-background no-border-radius\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2.-MA-in-China-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Download Handbook<\/a><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:button --><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:buttons -->","post_title":"Mergers & Acquisitions Deals in China","post_excerpt":"Those past few years, M&A deals in China have become much larger and spread across a wider range of industries such as energy, manufacturing and services. China enacted the Measures on Mergers and Acquisitions of Chinese Enterprises by Foreign Investors in 2006, forming an M&A regulatory regime, which has been revised by the competent authority in 2009.","post_status":"publish","comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","post_password":"","post_name":"mergers-acquisitions","to_ping":"","pinged":"","post_modified":"2023-05-19 09:58:45","post_modified_gmt":"2023-05-19 09:58:45","post_content_filtered":"","post_parent":0,"guid":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/?p=1482","menu_order":0,"post_type":"post","post_mime_type":"","comment_count":"0","filter":"raw"}]},"awards_group":{"title":"Awards.","awards":[{"year":"2023","name":"Bruno Grangier, Managing Partner of Leaf, listed as China\u2019s Elite 100 Lawyers","origin":"China Business Law Journal","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/brunograngier-listed-as-chinas-elite100lawyers\/","target":""}},{"year":"2022","name":"Notable Practice in M&A & Private Equity","origin":"IFLR 1000","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/leaf-awarded-for-cross-border-ma-and-private-equity-practices\/","target":""}},{"year":"2022","name":"Best Media, Entertainment & Sports Law Firm","origin":"China Business Law Journal","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/leaf-wins-china-business-law-journal-award-2022\/","target":""}},{"year":"2021","name":"Bruno Grangier, Managing Partner of Leaf, listed as China\u2019s Elite 100 Lawyers","origin":"China Business Law Journal","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/partner-bruno-grangier-founding-partner-of-leaf-listed-as-chinas-elite-100-lawyers-from-china-business-law-journal\/","target":""}},{"year":"2021","name":"Notable Practice in M&A & Private Equity","origin":"IFLR1000","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.iflr1000.com\/Jurisdiction\/China\/Rankings\/110#rankings","target":""}},{"year":"2020","name":"M&A Awards Winner Cross Border Transactions Firm of the Year","origin":"FinanceMonthly","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/mandaawards.finance-monthly.com\/previous-editions\/2020\/96\/","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2020","name":"Notable Practice in M&A","origin":"IFLR1000","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.iflr1000.com\/Firm\/Leaf-Law-Firm-China\/Profile\/33854#rankings","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2020","name":"Best Technology & Telecommunication Law Firm","origin":"China Law Journal","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/law.asia\/law-firm\/leaf\/","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2019","name":"M&A Awards Winner Cross Border Transactions Firm of the Year","origin":"FinanceMonthly","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/mandaawards.finance-monthly.com\/previous-editions\/2020\/96\/","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2019","name":"Notable Practice in M&A","origin":"IFLR1000","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.iflr1000.com\/Firm\/Leaf-Law-Firm-China\/Profile\/33854#rankings","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2019","name":"Highly Recommended in Private Equity - International Firms","origin":"Leaders League","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leadersleague.com\/en\/company-directory\/leaf\/china\/mergers-acquisitions?routingLanguage=en","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2018","name":"Valuable Practice In M&A - international firms","origin":"Leaders League","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leadersleague.com\/en\/company-directory\/leaf\/china\/mergers-acquisitions?routingLanguage=en","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2018","name":"M&A Awards Winner Cross Border Transactions Firm of the Year","origin":"Finance Monthly","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/mandaawards.finance-monthly.com\/previous-editions\/2020\/96\/","target":"_blank"}},{"year":"2018","name":"Highly Recommended in Private Equity - International Firms","origin":"Leaders League","link":{"title":"","url":"https:\/\/www.leadersleague.com\/en\/company-directory\/leaf\/china\/mergers-acquisitions?routingLanguage=en","target":"_blank"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=66"}],"version-history":[{"count":21,"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4181,"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/66\/revisions\/4181"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2877"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.leaf-legal.com\/zh-hans\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=66"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}